Malocclusions in Pediatric Patients with Asthma: A Case-Control Study.

Asthma is a public health problem that has been widely described, but little has been reported about its effects on dental occlusions. The aim of this study was to compare the alterations of normal occlusions in asthmatic children and those without the disease. The study included 186 patients between 5 and 12 years old, divided into two groups. The first group included patients with a previous diagnosis of asthma given by a specialist, which was confirmed by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The second group included patients without the disease. All patients underwent a clinical examination to determine the presence of occlusion alterations in the sagittal, transverse, and vertical planes. Subsequently, chi-squared tests were performed to compare the variables between the groups. A significant association was found between asthma and the variables studied here: alterations in the sagittal plane (chi2 = 7.839, p = 0.005), alterations in the vertical plane (chi2 = 13.563, p < 0.001), alterations in the transverse plane (Fisher's F p < 0.001), and oral habits (chi2 = 55.811, p < 0.001). The results suggest that asthmatic patients are more likely to develop malocclusions, especially anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. These conditions are typically related to mouth breathing, which is common in asthmatic patients.

Manifestaciones bucales en pacientes pediátricos con asma. Estudio de Casos Controles / Oral manifestations in pediatric patients with asthma. Case Control Study

El asma afecta en mayoría a la población infantil de 3 a 14 años. Los infantes que padecen enfermedades respiratorias tienden a sufrir alteraciones en su salud bucal. Objetivo: Establecer las manifestaciones clínicas bucales de pacientes pediátricos con asma, de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, de casos y controles. Se incluyeron pacientes de entre 5 y 12 años, con diagnóstico de asma (casos) y pacientes sanos (controles), durante el período de agosto 2018 - febrero 2019. Fueron excluidos pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas. Se realizó una revisión intraoral evaluando caries, gingivitis, erosiones y bruxismo. Las diferencias entre grupos fueron determinadas mediante los estadísticos Chi2 y Wilcoxon Sum-Rank. Resultados: La muestra incluyó un total de 228 pacientes, 109 femeninos y 119 masculinos. Se registraron 76 casos de pacientes asmáticos, con edad promedio de 7 años. No se encontró asociación entre el asma y caries dental (Chi2=0,19, p=0,655, OR=1,16); entre asma y gingivitis (W=5103, p=0,1492) y bruxismo (Chi2=2,4, p=0,12, OR=1,97). Únicamente, se encontró asociación significativa entre asma y erosión dental (Chi2= 5,3, p=0,02, OR=2,01). Conclusiones: No se encontró relación entre el asma y la presencia/ausencia de caries, gingivitis y bruxismo. Los pacientes asmáticos presentaron 1,02 veces más posibilidades de presentar erosión dental en comparación con los pacientes sanos.

Asthma is it is a chronic disease that affects the child population, mostly between 3 to 14 years old. Children suffering from bronchial asthma usually present oral problems. Objective: Determine oral clinical manifestations of pediatric patients with asthma, in patients from Faculty of Odontology of the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Material and methods: cross sectional, cases and control study. Children between 5 to 12 years old were included, with a diagnosis of asthma (cases) and healthy patients (control) who visited the institution in the period from august 2018 to February 2019. Patients with systemic diseases were excluded. An intraoral review was realized evaluating dental caries, gingivitis, dental erosions and bruxism. Differences between groups were evaluated using the Chi2 and Wilcoxon Sum-Rank statistics. Results: The sample included a total of 228 patients, 109 female and 119 male. 76 cases of asthmatic patients were registered, an average age of 7 years. No association was found between asthma and dental caries (Chi2=0.19 p=0.655, OR=1.16); there was no association between asthma and gingivitis (W=5103, p=0.1492) and bruxism (Chi2=2.4, p=0.12, OR=1.97). Only significant association between asthma and dental erosion (Chi2= 5.3, p=0.02, OR=2.01). Conclusion: No association was found between asthma and the presence / absence of dental caries, gingivitis and bruxism. Asthmatic patients presented 1.018 more probability to have dental erosion compared to healthy patients.

Growth differences in patients with dental agenesis, how its location impacts facial morphology.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Non-formation of a tooth impacts the morphology of the alveolar bone, which may, in turn, generate an imbalance in facial growth. This retrospective case-control study aimed to determine whether observable differences exist in the facial growth of patients with dental agenesis relative to complete dentition controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 75 patients with dental agenesis, and each case was paired with two controls of the same age and gender (n = 150). All patients were measured cephalometrically (31 variables), and both groups were compared with student's t- or Z-test (P < 0.05). Subsequently, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare facial growth depending on the missing tooth's sagittal location in the dental arch (anterior or posterior agenesis); as well as its location in the affected bone (maxillary, mandibular, or both). RESULTS: Four measurements with significant differences were found, whereas ten were found in the sagittal location in the dental arch analysis. Regarding the affected bone, there were no affected variables. CONCLUSION: it was found that patients with dental agenesis show differences in the sagittal growth of the upper jaw and in the position of the lower incisor. In the studied population, these changes are strongly influenced by the sagittal location of the missing tooth, while its location in the jaws does not affect facial growth.